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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 145(11): 1371-1377, nov. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-902456

ABSTRACT

Background Air pollution has a direct influence on health. Aim To determine the association between particulate matter and contaminant gas concentrations in the environment with the number of consultations for respiratory diseases in emergency rooms in Metropolitan Santiago, Chile. Material and Methods During five years, the daily number emergency consultations for respiratory diseases and the daily concentrations of particulate matter and contaminant gases in a community of Santiago, were recorded. The degree of change of these variables during summer and winter was determined. Their correlation coefficients with a 0 to 100 days gap, were calculated. Results During winter, there was a higher number of consultations and higher pollution levels, except for O3, which increased in summer. There were positive correlations between the concentrations of different pollutants (mainly 2.5 and 10 μm particulate matter, CO and NO2). There was a negative association between consultations for respiratory diseases and O3 concentrations, an almost negligible association with SO2 and variable positive and significant associations with the concentration of other pollutants, with variations according to the time gap. Conclusions Pollution and respiratory diseases increase during winter. There are variable associations between pollutant concentrations and the number of consultations for respiratory diseases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Respiratory Tract Diseases/etiology , Air Pollutants/toxicity , Air Pollution/analysis , Air Pollution/adverse effects , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Referral and Consultation/statistics & numerical data , Seasons , Air Pollutants/analysis , Air Pollutants/classification , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects
2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 75(9): 614-619, Sept. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888332

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The link between various air pollutants and hospitalization for epilepsy has come under scrutiny. We have proposed that exposure to air pollution and specifically the pervasive agricultural air pollutant and greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N2O), may provoke susceptibility to neurodevelopmental disorders. Evidence supports a role of N2O exposure in reducing epileptiform seizure activity, while withdrawal from the drug has been shown to induce seizure-like activity. Therefore, we show here that the statewide use of anthropogenic nitrogen fertilizers (the most recognized causal contributor to environmental N2O burden) is significantly negatively associated with hospitalization for epilepsy in all three pre-specified hospitalization categories, even after multiple pollutant comparison correction (p<.007), while the other identified pollutants were not consistently statistically significantly associated with hospitalization for epilepsy. We discuss potential neurological mechanisms underpinning this association between air pollutants associated with farm use of anthropogenic nitrogen fertilizers and hospitalization for epilepsy.


RESUMO A ligação entre vários poluentes do ar e a hospitalização por epilepsia tem sido examinada. Propusemos que a exposição à poluição do ar, especificamente ao poluente atmosférico generalizado e ao gás de efeito estufa, o óxido nitroso (N2O), poderiam fomentar a susceptibilidade a distúrbios do desenvolvimento neurológico. A evidência apoia o papel da exposição ao N2O na redução da atividade convulsiva epileptiforme, enquanto mostra que a retirada do fármaco induz atividade pseudo-convulsiva. Portanto, mostramos aqui que o uso a nível estatal de fertilizantes nitrogenados antropogênicos (o agente causal mais reconhecido para a carga ambiental de N2O) está significativa e negativamente associado à hospitalização por epilepsia nas três categorias de hospitalização pré-especificadas, mesmo após a correção de comparação de poluentes múltiplos (p <0,007 ), enquanto os outros poluentes identificados não foram consistentemente associados de forma estatística com a hospitalização por epilepsia. Discutimos possíveis mecanismos neurológicos subjacentes a esta associação entre poluentes atmosféricos associados ao uso agrícola de fertilizantes nitrogenados antropogênicos, e hospitalização por epilepsia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/chemically induced , Air Pollutants/adverse effects , Air Pollutants/toxicity , Epilepsy/chemically induced , Fertilizers/toxicity , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Poisson Distribution , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/epidemiology , Air Pollutants/classification , Air Pollution/statistics & numerical data , Epilepsy/epidemiology , Nitrous Oxide/toxicity
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 41(6): 526-532, June 2008. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-485858

ABSTRACT

Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality and these patients, even without previous myocardial infarction, run the risk of fatal coronary heart disease similar to non-diabetic patients surviving myocardial infarction. There is evidence showing that particulate matter air pollution is associated with increases in cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of diabetes mellitus on the association of air pollution with cardiovascular emergency room visits in a tertiary referral hospital in the city of São Paulo. Using a time-series approach, and adopting generalized linear Poisson regression models, we assessed the effect of daily variations in PM10, CO, NO2, SO2, and O3 on the daily number of emergency room visits for cardiovascular diseases in diabetic and non-diabetic patients from 2001 to 2003. A semi-parametric smoother (natural spline) was adopted to control long-term trends, linear term seasonal usage and weather variables. In this period, 45,000 cardiovascular emergency room visits were registered. The observed increase in interquartile range within the 2-day moving average of 8.0 µg/m³ SO2 was associated with 7.0 percent (95 percentCI: 4.0-11.0) and 20.0 percent (95 percentCI: 5.0-44.0) increases in cardiovascular disease emergency room visits by non-diabetic and diabetic groups, respectively. These data indicate that air pollution causes an increase of cardiovascular emergency room visits, and that diabetic patients are extremely susceptible to the adverse effects of air pollution on their health conditions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Air Pollutants/adverse effects , Air Pollution/adverse effects , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Diabetes Mellitus , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Air Pollutants/classification , Air Pollution/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Poisson Distribution , Particulate Matter/toxicity
4.
Evid. actual. práct. ambul ; 11(1): 20-22, ene.-feb. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-516516

ABSTRACT

En este artículo se resumen los principales conceptos sobre la fisiopatogenia del daño respiratorio consecutivo a la contaminación ambiental atmosférica de acuerdo al tipo, estado y tamaño de las diferentes sustancias involucradas; así como la evidencia de asociación causal documentada en Latinoamérica -en general a través de estudios ecológicos de geo-referenciamiento y/o series temporales- entre elevaciones agudas de los niveles de polución ambiental y aumentos agudos de la morbilidad, mortalidad o del consumo de servicios de salud.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Air Pollution , Environmental Pollutants , Air Pollutants , Air Pollutants/classification , Air Pollutants/adverse effects , Respiratory Tract Diseases/etiology , Respiratory Tract Diseases/physiopathology , Pollution Indicators/classification , Morbidity , Latin America , Brazil , Environmental Imbalance
7.
Rev. argent. micol ; 16(2): 10-6, 1993. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-129864

ABSTRACT

Se estudió mediante la técnica de placas de agar abiertas, la presencia de hongos en 120 muestras de aire atmosférico de la ciudad de Resistencia (Argentina) tomadas en 12 lugares con gran movimiento de personas y de vehículos. Los cultivos se realizaron sobre medio de agar-papa-rifamicina a 28 grados C y a 42 grados C a fin de aislar especies mesófilas y termófilas. Se obtuvo desarrollo de hongos en todas las placas incubadas a 28 grados C (100 por ciento de positividad), mientras que de las incubadas a 42 grados C solo en una hubo desarrollo, que correspondió a A. fumigatus. Se aisló un total de 20 géneros de hongos, de los cuales se pudieron identificar 19 especies, quedando 3 aislamientos sin clasificación definitiva por tratarse de micelio estéril hialino, micelio amarillo con clamidosporas y micelio con picnidios. Las especies aisladas se clasificaron según sus frecuencias de aparición, de acuerdo al criterio de Yadav y Madelin en muy comunes, comunes, frecuentes, ocasionales y raras. Los géneros dominantes en la micobiota atmosférica estudiada fueron: Alternaria, Fusarium, Dreschlera, y Aspergillus que se presentaron en el 100 por ciento de las muestras, seguidos por Penicillium, Cladosporium, Curvularia y Rhodotorula que aparecieron en el 75 por ciento, 66,7 por ciento, 66,7 por ciento y 58,3 por ciento, respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos revelan la existencia de una alta carga de esporas fúngicas en la atmósfera de la ciudad de Resistencia


Subject(s)
Air Pollutants/isolation & purification , Air/analysis , Fungi/isolation & purification , Air Pollutants/classification , Alternaria/isolation & purification , Aspergillus/isolation & purification , Cladosporium/isolation & purification , Fungi/classification , Penicillium/isolation & purification , Rhodotorula/isolation & purification
8.
Bol. Inst. Patol. Reg ; 15/16: 8-13, 1993. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-195394

ABSTRACT

Se estudió mediante la técnica de placas de agar abiertas, la presencia de hongos en 120 muestras de aire atmosférico de la ciudad de Resistencia (Argentina) tomadas en 12 lugares con gran movimiento de personas y vehículos. Los cultivos se realizaron sobre medio de Agar-papa-rifamicina a 28 y a 42ºC a fin de aislar especies mesófilas y termófilas. Se obtuvo desarrollo de hongos en todas las placas incubadas a 28ºC (100 por ciento de positividad), mientras que las incubadas a 42ºC sólo en una hubo desarrollo, correspondiendo a A. fumigatus. Se aisló un total de 20 géneros micológicos, de los cuales se pudieron identificar 19 especies, quedando 3 aislados sin clasificación definitiva por tratarse de micelio estéril hialino, micelio amarillo con clamidosporas y micelio con picnidios. Las especies aisladas se clasificaron según sus frecuencias de aparición, de acuerdo al criterio de Yadav y Madelin en: muy comunes, frecuentes ocasionales y raras. Los géneros dominantes en la micobiota atmosférica estudiada fueron: Alternaria, Fusarium, Drechslera y Aspergillus que se presentaron en el 100 por ciento de las muestras, seguidos por Penicillium, Cladosporium, Curvularia y Rhodotorula que aparecieron en el 75 por ciento, 66,7 por ciento y 58,3 por ciento, respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos revelan la existencia de una alta carga de esporas fúngicas en la atmósfera de la ciudad de Resistencia


Subject(s)
Air Pollutants/isolation & purification , Air Pollution/statistics & numerical data , Fungi/isolation & purification , In Vitro Techniques , Air Pollutants/classification , Alternaria/isolation & purification , Aspergillus niger/isolation & purification , Spores, Fungal/isolation & purification , Spores, Fungal/pathogenicity , Fusarium/isolation & purification
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